Lähettäjä: Soijuv Lähetetty: 11.8.2005 14:11
Artikkelin mukaan psykiatrian alaan kuuluvia diagnooseja on tarkasteltava uudelleen, sillä lukuisat eri mikrobit (kuten borreliabakteeri) kykenevät aiheuttamaan oireita jotka sopivat psyykkisiin sairauksiin. Siksi on mahdollista että useat, jopa suurin osa, psyykkisiä sairauksia sairastavista potilaista sairastaa itseasiassa infkektiotautia.
THE OVERLOOKED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MENTAL SYMPTOMS
http://newswithviews.com/Howenstine/james16.htm
THE OVERLOOKED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MENTAL
SYMPTOMS
By Dr. James Howenstine, MD.
September 13, 2004 NewsWithViews.com Psychiatric disease should be
diagnosed only after careful exclusion of medical conditions that could
produce the patients symptoms.
Unfortunately very few mental health care providers are aware of the
multitude of circumstances in which mental symptoms are precipitated by
an infectious illness. A valuable clue that a mental problem may be
infectious rather than psychiatric is sudden onset in a previously
stable individual.
Dr. Paul Fink, past president of the American Psychiatric Association,
has acknowledged that every psychiatric disorder in the Psychiatric
Diagnostic Symptoms Manual IV (DSM-!V) can be caused by Lyme Disease.
This proves that every known psychiatric disorder can be caused by an
infection (Borrelia burgdorfi Bb spirochete). So far all cases of
Alzheimer's disease tested for the Borrelia burgdorfi Bb spirochete,
which causes Lyme Disease, have tested positive.
Conventional medical practice in the United States largely ignores the
possibility of parasitic disease. There are several reasons for this:
When a disease is never diagnosed it is easy to assume that it does not
exist. Parasites are often overlooked in the U.S.
There is a shortage of technicians who are skilled in identifying
parasitic organisms.
Spending one's day studying microscopic sample of stool specimens
probably does not attract very many laboratory personnel.
There is a common misconception that parasitic problems are primarily
found in tropical countries and are rare in countries like the U.S.A.
To illustrate how many health care practitioners can be fooled by
parasitic disease consider the case of Carolyn Razor. Upbeat, healthy,
energetic, psychologist Carolyn Raser returned from a vacation in
Bhutun with severe depression, exhaustion, and such swelling in her
joints she was unable to open a hotel room door. Her third M.D.
diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis and started multiple drugs. Her
depression, lethargy and exhaustion persisted after 100 treatments by
assorted acupuncturists, chiropractors, and rehabilitation specialists.
A call to the Research Institute for Infectious Mental Illness led to
the discovery of three protozoan parasites and a compromised secretory
IGA system. Three weeks after eliminating her infection she was no
longer depressed, her exhaustion was gone and her zest for life had
been restored.
To make the proper diagnosis of psychiatric symptoms even more complex
it is now well established that the overgrowth of candida (yeast)
organisms, fungi, mycoplasma, and dangerous anerobic organiasms in the
intestinal tract after antibiotic therapy, high sugar intake, and
illnesses which injure the lining of the intestine can cause impaired
brain function (seizures, confusion, poor memory, depression, learning
difficulties, headaches and short attention span). These brain
symptoms are caused by absoption of neurotoxic substances produced by
mycoplasma, fungi, borrelia, yeast and anerobic organisms. These
neurotoxic substances also commonly cause injury to the hypothalamus
which leads to impaired production of endocrine hormones. Therefore,
patients with intestinal pathogen overgrowth often manifest impaired
function of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) and adrenal
insufficiency (Addison's Disease). Another factor that may contribute
to this hormonal failure is the consumption of cholesterol by
mycoplasma in nervous tissue which decreases the building substance
(cholesterol) needed to make estrogen, testosterone, progesterone,
aldactone, and cortisone. Persons with hypothyroidism (underactive
thyroid gland) often do not manifest fever when they have infections
which may lead the clinician away from considering an infectious
problem.
The psychological treatment of chronic mental illness is often lengthy
and of marginal value. Frank Strick, Clinical Research Director of the
Research Institute for Infectious Mental Illness, has gathered a large
amount of information about how commonly mental symptoms are not
appreciated to be originating[1] from infectious problems.
Four types of infectious problems are capable of producing mental
symptoms. These are infections well recognized for causing psychiatric
problems (pneumonia, urinary tract infections, sepsis, malaria,
Legionaires Disease, syphilis, chlamydia, typhoid fever, diphtheria,
HIV, rheumatic fever and herpes). Research done at Johns Hokins
Children's Center and published in the Archives of General Psychiatry
in 2001 disclosed that mothers with evidence of Herpes Simplex Type 2
infection during pregnancy were 6 times more likely to have a child who
later developed schizophrenia than mothers without herpes infections.
Parasitic infections which invade the brain (neurocysticerccosis)
manifest depression and psychosis in more than 65 % of cases. These
tapeworms produce cysts, swelling, and encephalitis in brains of
patients. Other parasitic infections can produce psychiatric symptoms
without direct brain invasion (giardia, ascaris psychosis, trichinosis,
Lyme Disease) which clear after effective therapy. Meningitis or
encephalitis was found in 24 % of 1300 cases of trichinosis reported
from Germany.
Acute infection with Toxoplasmosis Gondi can produce personality
changes and psychosis including delusions and auditory hallucinations.
T. Gondii can alter behavior, neurotransmitter function and accounts
for approximately 25 % of chorioretinitis usually contracted
congenitally. A large study of mentally handicapped persons revealed
that the incidence of t.gondii infection in schizophrenic patients was
twice that of control subjects. German research has revealed that
first onset schizophrenia patients have a 42 % incidence of antibodies
to toxoplasma compared to 11 % in control subjects. T. Gondi usually
is spread to humans from cats. Two studies have revealed that exposure
to cats in childhood was a risk factor for the development of
schizophrenia.
Two of the drugs used to treat psychosis and bipolar disorder (Haldol
and Valproic Acid) inhibit the growth of t.gondii in cerebrospinal
fluid and blood at concentrations below that being treated with these
therapies suggesting that improved mental status might actually be due
to killing t. gondii not anti-psychotic effects. The antipsychotic
drugs thorazine, haldol and clozapine inhibit viral replication.
Patients with recent onset of schizophrenia have a 400 % increase in
reverse transcripyase activity in their cerebrospinal fluid which is
seen in patients with infectious retroviruses. Cerebrospinal fluid CSF
from these recent onset schizophrenia patients inoculated into New
World Monkey cell lines caused a ten fold increase in reverse
transcriptase activity suggesting that this injected CSF contained a
replicating virus. Dr. Darren Hart of Tulane Univ. Medical School
found evidence of antibodies to retrovirus in the blood of half the
patients he tested who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar
disorder.
Malhotra has demonstrated that the absence of CCR5?32 homozygotes in
more than 200 schizophrenic patients sharply increased the
susceptibility to retroviral infection. These pieces of evidence have
led Johns Hopkins virologist Robert Yolken and Psychiatry Professor Dr.
E. Fuller Torrey to believe that toxoplasmosis is one of several
infectious agents that cause most cases of schizophrenia and bipolar
disorder. Dr. Torrey noted that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
went from rare diseases in the late 19th century to common as cat
ownership became popular. Yolken designed studies that showed that
mothers of children who later developed psychosis were 4.5 times more
likely to have antibodies to toxoplasmosis than mothers of healthy
children.
Yolken also learned that patients with schizophrenia of average
duration of more than 22 years who also tested positive for
cytomegalovirus (21 patients) experienced significant improvement in
psychiatric symptoms when treated with Valacyclovir[2] an antiviral
drug for 8 weeks.
Streptococcal infections have been followed in some children by the
abrupt onset of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder within a few weeks.
Use of the antiviral drug Amantadine has produced greatly shortened
hospitalizations and rapid remission of psychiatric symptoms in Germany
when given to patients testing positive for Borna Disease Virus BDV.
Smaller studies in the U.S. disclosed that up to half of Bipolar and
Schizophrenic patients test positive for BDV compared to none in
healthy controls.
For obvious reasons toxoplasmosis has attracted the most attention.
However, many other infectious agents particularly parasitic infections
can disable normal mental function by depleting the host of essential
nutrients, interfering with enzyme and neuroimmune function, and
releasing massive amounts of waste products, enteric poisons, and
toxins which disable brain metabolism. Mature tapeworms can lay a
million eggs a day and roundworms, which afflict 25 % of the worlds
population, can lay 200,000 eggs daily. The brain requires 25 % of the
body's oxygen, nutrients, and glucose even though it makes up only 3 %
of the body's weight. Mental patients were found to have a 53.8 %
incidence of parasitic infection in a 2 year study conducted by the
Univ. of Ancona involving 238 inpatient residents in 4 Italian
psychiatric institutions.
Cognitive dysfunction and chronic emotional stress with symptoms of
apathy, exhaustion, confusion, poor appetite, memory loss, nervous
stomach, social withdrawal, loss of sex drive and motivation are often
attributed to depression when they were actually caused by infection.
Many parasitic infections escape diagnosis because standard stool
parasite studies pick up only 10 % of active infections. At times this
is caused by inconsistent shedding patterns and other cases are missed
because the parasites are outside the intestine. The World Health
Organization states that 2 billion people have worms but these are
rarely seen in stool exams. Many restaurants are staffed by persons
from foreign lands where parasites are common so exposure to parasitic
infection can occur in most U.S. restaurants.
To overcome these failures the Research Institute for Infectious Mental
Illness suggests ova and parasite microscopy, multifluid antigen and
antibody detection, stool cultures, enzyme immunoassays, imaging
techniques, and extensive evaluation of the patients history and
clinical information to discover chronic infections.
Patients diagnosed as chronic candidiasis (yeast) may actually have
more significant infections which are preventing long term cure.
Curing hidden infections often results in return of normal brain
metabolism. Fever and antibody elevation often disappear in patients
with neurotoxin injury to the immune system and thyroid hypofunction
caused by hypothalamic toxicity. Rebuilding the host's immune system
and restoring integrity of the intestines will help prevent relapse.
Care to not provide premature nutritional supplements that are growth
factors for certain microorganisms is vital. Screening tests for heavy
metal toxicity, environmental chemical exposure, molds, electromagnetic
stressors, abnormal glucose metabolism, brain allergies, food
sensitivities, hormone imbalances, neurotransmitter imbalances,
nutritional deficiencies, ph abnormalities, and dietary correction can
improve cognitive function.
In my opinion the arguments about the failure to diagnose infections
causing brain symptoms presented by Frank Strick are persuasive and
sound. Most psychiatric consultations almost certainly are not
concerned with exploring diagnostic considerations outside the
psychiatric realm. This whole field of psychiatric diagnosis needs to
be reconsidered in view of the strong evidence that toxoplasmosis,
parasitic infections, borrelia burgdorfi, candida, borna disease virus,
streptococcus, and other infectious agents are capable of producing
impaired brain function with symptoms that will generate a psychiatric
diagnosis in a conventional psychiatrist's office. There is a real
possibility that many, perhaps most patients, have an infectious
illness that is correctable not a permanent psychiatric impairment.
This failure to discover infectious causes for psychiatric symptoms is
tragic because many persons are vegetating in psychiatric facilities
for the remainder of their lives, instead of recovering full health
when their infection is cured. My suggestion to readers is to consider
exploring a consultation with the Research Institute for Infectious
Mental Illness before accepting a psychiatric diagnosis that is likely
to lead to a lengthy and minimally effective therapy.
The Research Institute for Infectious Mental Illness is the first
comprehensive institute of its kind in the U.S. They provide testing,
clinical and consulting services to clients all over the world and help
in educating professional persons. Phone consultations are offered.
by calling 800-699-2466 then press pound (#) 831-425-5555 (patient
scheduling only) or by e-mailing riimi@gawab.com. The director is
Frank Strick and the institute is in Santa Cruz, Ca.
INFEKTIOTAUDIT PSYYKKISTEN SAIRAUKSIEN AIHEUTTAJINA
Valvojat: Jatta1001, Borrelioosiyhdistys, Bb